"Nice observations in your post. Cars are always great references on how to maintain a brand essence within its form. It is all about image, personality and sometimes function too (although I believe is more form and emotion than function).Back in 2015, I've noticed that a Range Rover was way too similar to a Ford Explorer (or the reverse). Not sure who came first here. The impact on a car's personality through the design of its headlights (front fascia) and tail lights are enormous. Looks at Teslas Led's and Volvo's tail lights and you can tell how strong elements they are. Other areas that make a car distinct and desirable are the wheel wells and rim sizes. Car designers tend to add a black plastic trim over the well to create an impression a a larger rim. I did a quick Photoshop job to illustrate that, switching rims between the BMW i3 series and a mini cooper. Note how the i3 changes its stance when you place smaller rims from the mini (don't try this at home!)."